Monday, December 30, 2019

Definition of Criminal Conspiracy

A criminal conspiracy takes place when two or more people get together and plan to commit a crime, however, there is more involved when proving that criminal conspiracy has taken place. Intent First, in order for a person to be guilty of criminal conspiracy, they must have actually meant to agree to commit a crime. Next, when the person agreed to commit a crime with others, they must intend to really do whatever the objective is of the conspiracy. For example, Mark asks Daniel to help him  steal a car. Daniel agrees, but really he has decided to contact the police and report what Mark has asked him to do. In this situation, Daniel would not be guilty of criminal conspiracy because he never intended to really help Mark steal the car. Overt Act to Further Conspiracy For a criminal conspiracy to occur, a person must take some action toward carrying out that plan. The action taken does not have to be a crime to further the conspiracy. For example, if two people plan on robbing a bank, but they never take any action towards actually robbing the bank, this could satisfy the criminal conspiracy, however, most states require that there is at least one overt act taken by at least one of the conspirators, for those involved to be charged  with criminal conspiracy. There Does Not Have to Be a Crime The crime of conspiracy can be charged whether or not the crime is ever actually carried out.   For example, if two people plan to rob and bank and they go buy ski masks to wear during the robbery, they can be charged with conspiracy to commit bank robbery, even if they never actually rob the bank or even attempt to rob the bank. Buying ski masks is not a crime, but it furthers the conspiracy to commit a crime. Participation Is Not Required In most states, persons who helped plan the crime, but did not participate in the actual criminal act, can be given the same punishment as the person who carried out the crime itself. The person who commits the crime can be charged with both the crime and conspiracy to commit the crime. One or More Crimes Equals One Conspiracy Charge In criminal conspiracy cases, if the conspiracy involves multiple crimes, those involved will still only be charged with a single act of criminal conspiracy. For example, if Mark and Joe plan to rob a valuable piece of art from someones home, then sell the art on the black market and use the money that they receive to invest in an illegal drug deal, even though they conspired to commit three crimes, they will only be charged one act of criminal conspiracy. Chain and Link Conspiracy A chain and link conspiracy is a conspiracy in which there are a series of transactions, but only one overall agreement.  The different transactions are considered the links in the overall agreement, which is considered the chain.   However, the transactions will only be considered links in a chain if each link is aware that the other links are involved in the conspiracy and each link profits in the success of the overall series of transactions.   For example, Joe smuggles in drugs from Mexico, then sells some of the drugs to Jeff, who then sells it to his street dealer named Milo and Milo sells it to his customers. Joe and Milo have never spoken, therefore there is no agreement between them concerning the selling of the drugs, but because Joe knows that Jeff sells his drugs to a street dealer and Milo knows Jeff buys the drugs from the smuggler, then each of them becomes dependent on the other in order for the entire scheme to work. Wheel and Spoke Conspiracy A wheel-and-spoke conspiracy is when one person acts as the wheel and enters into agreements with different people (the spokes) or co-conspirators who have nothing to do with each other.

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Democracy And The State Of Economic Development - 1708 Words

The remarkable progress for democracy is being witnessed for the past two decades. The number of democratic political systems has climbed from 44 to 107 since 1972. Over half of the 187 countries in the world today, 58 percent have adopted democratic government. To start with, when exactly did modern democracy emerge? Political scientist, Samuel Huntington argues today’s democracies emerged in a series of distinct waves of democratization between 1828 and 1991. Meanwhile, one of the most extensive and influential linkages between political systems and social environment is the statistically significant positive relationship flanked by democracy and the state of economic development in classic modernization theory. In other words, the more wealthy a country becomes, the greater the opportunities that its political regime will lead to democracy. This observation was first advanced in 1959 by Lipset, who generated a huge body of research data in the studies of comparative politics. Yet, controversy among the field roots not only from the use of different definitions, but also from variations in methodology to measure the extent of transitions. Therefore, it is necessary to define democracy in order to discuss the related phenomenon accurately. For the purposes of this paper, democracy refers to the extent that political power is evenly distributed in a society with the aim of supplying regular constitutional chances for changing the governing officials in aShow MoreRelatedBest Route for Economic Development for Poor Countries1724 Words   |  7 PagesWhether liberal democracy, illiberal democracy or authoritarian rule is the best route to economic development for low income countries Introduction Democracy and economic development are two concepts that were not related initially, however, with the rise of democracies and the subsequent economic development there is an established correlation between the two concepts. 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Under such circumstance, the United States and China are competing directlyRead MoreEssay on The Raise of the West1226 Words   |  5 Pagespast two to three hundred years has coincided with the rise in the popularity of democratic governments in the west, such as the US and France. This can be seen as evidence showing that democracy stimulates economic growth since democratisation often precedes growth. Others may argue that the reverse is true and economic growth is the driving forces behind democratization in the west. For example, the French revolution was partly caused by the rise of the middle class â€Å"Bourgeoisie† in the 18th centuryRead More Struggles and Setbacks of Developing Democracies in Latin American Countries 1477 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand why many Latin American countries such as Mexico, Argentina, Venezuela, and Bolivia have continued to remain oppressed throughout history and stand on a slippery slope towards democratic reform of their national governments. The impeded development of democracy in these countries is much derived from Spanish empirical forms, reigning from the colonial era in which Spanish conquistadores implemented the first forms of government in Latin America based off of the authoritative structure of power thatRead MoreModernization Theory Of India s Democracy1722 Words   |  7 Pagessupport their emergence of democracy. The idea that economic development will lead to democratization and democratic consolidation generally holds for most cases. More often than not, increasing economic development increases the probability that any given society will have democratic politics. Although this theory is widely spread it does not seem to account for all cases, such as India. Due to the large population of India, the defying factors against modernization theory are not easily overlooked

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Product Design Free Essays

string(68) " sales pass through different stages and face different challenges\." Executive summary Contents: 1. Introduction 2. 0Current design 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Product Design or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1Product Description 2. 2Applications 2. 3Value analysis 2. 4Product life cycle 2. 5Manufacturing method and materials 3. 1Re- Design 3. 2Value analysis 3. 3Design for manufacture 3. 4Design for assembly 3. 5Design for Dis-assembly 3. 6Design for sustainability 4. 1Conclusion References Appendix Executive Summary A blinder is a smooth maker which provides various services. It has different kind of functions and used in household and restaurant. The operation method is very simple. Input Ac current from a wall socket and ingredients needed to mix a desire finish goods as output. To develop or re-design a new product that will be appealing to the consumers. This is challenges for any kind of product. We analysed this product used various tools such as value analysis. From analysis this report explained there are little room to improvement for design, manufacture and assembly. The many component of the product made from plastic and which is cheap as produce with economic of scale and recycle these parts easy. This report will explain about sustainability and how EU control the waste by the implementing low. Introduction: The main objective of the blinder is to mix different ingredients to form of a new product, e. g. banana shake involved with mixing banana and milk. This is not always easy to bland because of different out put required different speeds to create a good mix. Because of that a blander will provide several speed settings. For smooth, well mixed products, it becomes necessary that a blinder will able to spin at a Varity of speed. The speed can be varying with the desirable output. The redesign of the product can be produce with economics of scale with maintain of environmental issue. Weihrich Koontz (2005) explain that, create product ideas by examining consumers needs and screening the various alternatives, after the product is designed, prepare to lay out of the facilities to be used, plan the system of production, and schedule the various tasks that must be done. 2. 0 Current design: This type of blender can be made of glass, plastic, stainless steel or porcelain. Design is a problem solving activity (Lecture notes). Designer must be developing a product or service that meets a customer wants and needs through dissatisfaction. (Appendix 1). The demanded for the blinder is defined. The PDS shows that top of the container are a lid to prevent ingredients from escaping during operation. At the bottom is a blade assembly, sometimes removable for cleaning purposes. In cases where the blades are removable, the container should an o-ring between the body of the container and the base to seal the container and prevent the contents from leaking. The container rests upon a base that contains a motor for turning the blade assembly and has controls on its surface. Most current blenders offer a number of possible speeds. Low – powered blenders require some liquid to be added for the blender to operate correctly. High-powered blenders are capable of milling grains and crushing ice without such assistance. 2. 1 product description: Stand Blender XB9196G -5 Speeds with pulse -Capacity: 1. 5 L -Powerful 450 W motor -Stainless steel blade -Transplant glass Jug. -Voltage: 120V/230V -Wattage: 500/450 W 2. 2 Application: First, after remove the blender from the box and plug it in to a 120V wall socket. The consumer must then assemble it by placing the lid on the pitcher, the nozzle on the bottom, and attach the pitcher to the blade turner. Second, the pitcher can only fit in to the base one way because of the grooves and the markings. Third, the consumer would then fill the pitcher with whatever they would like to blend before adjusting the speed. There are three options: smooth, mix, and pulse. These basic descriptions for the speeds are clear and easy to understand. â€Å"Smooth† could be perceived as blending something thoroughly therefore it is the higher speed of the two locking buttons. Mix is slower and could be perceived as more stirring. Pulse can be used to intermittently blend the contents of the pitcher at a highest speed. Forth, trying to keep consumers hand on the top of the blender while pushing the buttons can lead to some difficulty. To pour, the consumer removes the top of the blender and grasps it by the handle or the grooves. To store the blender, unplug it and clean thoroughly. Fifth, to clean, the consumer takes apart the blender by removing the pitcher from the blade holder by twisting. This is usually kept tight so that liquid does not leak out the bottom therefore it is difficult to remove. Once the base is screwed off, the blades are easy to access. The nozzle must have water passed through to clean thoroughly but it is not intuitive how to screw the nozzle apart. 2. 3 Value analysis: (VA) Value is monetary terms of product and services relates with consumer desirability, worth and utility. ‘Value analysis is an organised programme to optimise the value of the product by eliminating unnecessary cost. (Lecture notes). The price for the final consumer can be reduced by the producing as bulk. The Fixed cost (FC) should set up as minimise level as possible and control on Variable cost (VC). When Marginal cost will be Zero, there will be possible to reduce the price than competitors. But the some of the specific components production cost is higher than other parts of the blender. The Pareto Principle (also known as the 80-20 rule) states that 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes. 2. 4 Product life cycle: PLC goes through many phases, required skills, knowledge and many professional disciplines. As a product blander is a mature product as voice of the customer. But according to manufacturing it may not be mature product. Because of this product still required many components. There are four things to assert for PLC: 1. Product have a limited life. 2. Product sales pass through different stages and face different challenges. You read "Product Design" in category "Papers" 3. Profits rise and fall in different stages. . Product required combination of marketing, finance, manufacturing, purchasing, RD, HR in each life cycle stages. A blinder is in a perfect competition market. So manufacturer need to combine different marketing and production mechanism with efficiently and effectively. So, Boone and kartz (1990) explain four stages through which a succes sful product passes: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. 2. 5 Manufacturing method and materials: The current product main four components: The motor, base, the pitcher and operational control. The pitcher made from glass. The component made from glass, plastic and stainless steel. 3. 0 Re-design: Redesign of the product transforms the quality better. So what is quality? Galloway ET (2000) explains that this represents the degree to which the design of the product or service meets the requirements of the market. Re-design of the blinder is not dramatic change. There are two major changes than previous model. The jar made by glass (previous) new model made from plastic. There are two main reasons, e. g. it is very cost effective as a material used and re-cycle is more environmental friendly. Another major change is touching Pad. There ware knob for the increase and decrease of the speed (old model). New model touch pad is implemented by numbers. Because of easy to operate in terms of level of speed required for specific output and usable friendly for all kind of consumer. (Appendix 2). This report will explain about different component of the blinder in re-assemble section. 3. 1 Value analysis: Value is interpreted in macro sense; it does not explain not only the cost of material but factor of other productions. The final product needs to face challenges of satisfactory. Does the product value with money? The utility of new jar can be appropriate with SMART analysis. Consumers can relay on this product as any condition of mixer. But glass jar is not friendly with hot condition of mixer. This product is Hazard Free to use, easy to maintenance and the life time depends on use. But it is completely disposal product. There is little sound pollution during operating time. 3. 2 Design for manufacturer: The current product is composed of 4 major components: the pitcher, motor, base, and operator control. The pitcher is made of plastic and is made by injection molding. The subparts of the pitcher are assembled with the use of fasteners. The parts of the pitcher are ease of assembly. There is a blade holder assembly at the base of the plastic pitcher. This piece is plastic and is used to attach the pitcher to the base of the blender. This blender blade fixture is also plastic. But it needs to be bored out with a drill through the middle forming an area for a long screw from the blade assembly. The production of the blades is from a slab of metal where slices of equivalent sizes are taken in order to produce mass amounts of blades at one time. The blender blade setup uses two identical blades 90 degrees to each other that sit on top of one another that are kept in place with simple washers and a long screw. The second major component is the motor which is inside the base and directly under the pitcher. The motor is produce from a specialized motor company. The problem of heat transfer must be examined. The heat produced from the motor will not melt the parts nearby. The motor is made to fit under the base and is sufficiently mounted. The mounting clips are under the blender base and are made to withstand the movement associated with the vibrations from the motor. The mounting clips are extensions on the base allowing for more strength. However, many parts of the motor attachment are attached by gluing which may result in problems with reusing or taking apart the glued components during the assembly process. The third main component is the base. It is made of plastic and is mass produced most likely by injection molding. The base is made durable enough to withstand added liquid in the pitcher as well as a running motor. The last component is the operator control that allows the user to choose different blending speeds. 3. Designs for Assembly: The blender actually consisted of over 50 components. Although we only mentioned the 4 main parts of the blender assembly, the actual manufacturing process was actually very difficult and time consuming due to the mass amount of components and attachments. The future design for the blender would most definitely need to reduce the amount of components to speed up the rate of the manufacturing process. 3. 4 Design for dis- assembly: This report will explain all component of a blinder. So readers can get the information in micro level of the operation. Pitcher: Pitcher made from plastic and it holds liquid and it injection moulding. Cover: Cover top of the pitcher made from plastic and has two parts of moulding. Handle parts: This is for the user to hold pitcher and made from plastic. Pitcher Nozzle: It’s manufacturing process injection moulding and dispenses liquid from pitcher. It is made from plastic. Plunger stick: It is converts force of nozzle into plunger and made from plastic. Plunger Rubber: The function of this part opens up passage for liquid flow and made from rubber. Round Knob: The function of this part directs plunger stick and made from plastic. Plunger washer: The manufacturing process of this part is stamped and function is distributes load over spring. This is made from aluminium. Spring: Spring loads the nozzle lever and made from steel. The manufacturing process is coiled. Nozzle Lever: This pat use for dispense liquid and made from plastic. Blade Subassembly: Upper blade: The main function of this part is cuts food and ice and made from steel. The manufacturing process is milling stamping bending. Lower blade: This part has similar function like upper part. It has same weight as well. Blade shift: The function of this part is transmit rotation of blade turner to blades and made from steel. Washer: The function of this part is distributes load evenly on blade and made from hard fiver. The manufacturing process is stamping. 3Flange Nut: It is attached blade holder to shift and made from steel. Blade Holder: The main function connects blade to pitcher and made from plastic. Bearing: This part made from brass and main function is allows blade to rotate in respect to holder. Blade holder O-ring: It main function is reduces liquid drip page and made from rubber and manufacturing process is injection moulding. Yellow clip ring: This part attaches pitcher to motor cover and made from plastic. White black ring on blade holder: It has similar function of blade holder o-ring. Blade turner: The main function is transmits rotation of motor shaft to blade shaft and made from steel or plastic. Motor sub- assembly: There are few parts e. g. damper, damper/blade washer, motor/damper washer, motor/damper bias, motor cover screw washer and another three main components e. g. Motor fan: The main function of this part is to reduces temperature of motor and maid from plastic. Upper and lower motor bracket: This part made from either plastic or aluminium or copper. The function is holding the motor in place. Motor Assembly: The function is the magnetic field run generates an magnetic field on the motor. This part made from plastic. User interface subassembly: Base and motor cover: Both are made from plastic. One function covers the top of the motor and another cover the bottom of the motor. The other parts of the components are motor cover screws, base screws, button, spring, bottom bracket, signal transmitter. 3. 5 Design for sustainability: Sustainable design is also called ‘Green design, ‘eco design’. It is art of designing physical objectives, the build environment comply with the economic, social and ecological sustainability. Most of the parts of blander are non-toxic and almost all components are recyclable and required little energy to process. The product has powerful 450 W motor which required 120V which require less energy. This is more household and restaurant useable product so it lasting longer. The most of the materials can be use in commercial new production afterlife. The processing of e-waste is causes serious health and pollution problems. The technology change, low initial costs have the fasted growing problem around the world. In the 1990 some of the European countries banned the disposal the electronic waste in lands fields. All unwanted electronic goods can return to sales points with free of charge. This is the producer responsibility for dispose. The EU implemented a system in 2003, under the waste Electrical and electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE 2002/96/EC). The directives transform in national low. The producer should collect their goods from customer and dispose it ecologically friendly manner. 4. 0 Conclusion: Re-design of the blinder is more cost effective and can be produce by economic of scale. It needs to satisfy the consumer demand and needs to face competition in the market. It had been redesign cost effectively and use environmentally friendly. The all components can be reusable for produce of the other new product. The production organisation has more CSR in terms of disposal. As finished goods it needs to face different stages of life. It can be redesign with the time goes and market mechanism change. There are more RD required for this product in terms of assembly and noise pollution. References: Galloway L and Rowbotham F Azhashemi M (2000) Operations Management in Context. 1st edi. Oxford, BH. Weihrich H Koontz H (2005) Management. 11th edi. London, Mc Graw hill. Boone L Kurtz D (1990) Contemporary Business. 6th edi. London. The Dryden Press. Lecture notes http: //direct. asda. com/on/demandware. store/sites-ASDA-site http:// inventors. about. com/library/inventors/blblender. htm. Appendix :1 Design Flow chat How to cite Product Design, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Impact of Human Resource Management on Business

Question: Analyze the impact of Human Resource Management on business. Answer: 1. Introduction 1.0 Introduction This particular research would be conducted in order to analyze the impact of Human Resource Management on business. Here, the backbone of the entire research has been created by the researcher. 1.1 background of the study In this study, the concept of human research management is manifested in a brief manner. Besides, the researcher states the reason behind conducting this research through discussing the rationale of the study. The human resource management looks over employee benefits along with the betterment of the business (Purce 2014). 1.2 Rationale of the study What is the issue? The issue is that that the employers concentrate only on maximizing the productivity through human resource management system. In most of the organizations, the employers do not prioritize the performance of the superior workers. This creates uncertainty in the employee performances (Buller and McEvoy 2012). Why it is an issue: This is an issue as the uncertainty in employee performances affects the productivity of the business as a whole. As the performance of the superior workers is not prioritized, employee grievance has been experienced in the organizational environment. Further, it makes the employers to confront difficulties in managing and controlling their workforce (Stahl, Bj and Morris 2012). Why it is an issue now? It is an issue now because the competition of the business market has been increasing rapidly. The labor force is the most essential source of production that leads the business towards success. Thus, the problems present in human resource management create hitches in the path of acquiring sustainable competitive advantages (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). What the research could shed light on? The research could highlight the issues and problems present in the management and analyze the reason behind this. Through analyzing the issues, the researcher could bring out a number of recommendations against the problems. 1.3 Research Objectives The research objectives are demonstrated below: To identify the issues that most of the organizations confront in their human resource management process To discuss how the performance of employees can be increased through recruitment and selection procedure To demonstrate the areas that maximize the productivity of the business in forming an employee base To suggest some recommendations that would help to shape the corporate culture by motivating the employees 1.4 Research Questions The research questions are illustrated below: What are the issues that most of the organizations confront in their human resource management process? How the performance of employees can be increased through recruitment and selection procedure? What are the areas that maximize the productivity of the business in forming an employee base? What are the recommendations that would help to shape the corporate culture by motivating the employees? 1.5 Research Hypothesis H0: The human resource management does not increase the productivity of the business H1: The human resource management increases the productivity of the business 2. Literature Review 2.0 Introduction In the literature review section, the study elaborates the concept of human resource management in order to establish a clear understanding about the topic. In order to discuss the topic, the researcher gathered relevant data and information from secondary sources that include various books, academic journals, and websites. 2.1 Human Resource Management As opined by Alfes et al. (2013), the human resource management is a process that helps the employers in building a good team of working professionals. The key functions of this process include selecting and recruiting employees, providing training, performance appraisals, and safety in workplace. The management process and functions vary from firm to firm and it affects the entire business of an organization. Jiang et al. (2012) added that the leaders maintain the work atmosphere through this particular process. 2.2 Challenges and Responsibilities of Human Resource Management Following the statement of Purce (2014), the employers find many challenges in the process of human resource management. The major challenges that the employers face include dealing with workforce shortages, scheduling training programs, managing the performances of the employees, and managing the employee benefits. Bratton and Gold (2012) opined that the human resource managers have some prime responsibilities. Their foremost responsibility is to provide safe work environment to the employees. They look over the needs of the labor force in the workplace and provide employee benefits to them in order to encourage them in delivering effective performances. 2.3 Impact of Human Resource Management on Business Armstrong and Taylor (2014) stated that the human resource managers can lead positive impact on the productivity through managing the workforce effectively. Positive impact has been experienced in the organizations where human resource management is properly handled. Through managing the human resources, the businesses are able to enhance their profitability. In a good work environment, the employees tend to perform efficiently and thus the goals are achieved within certain time span. Foster (2014) represented a different viewpoint that the ineffective management process of human resources provide negative impact on the business. Poor management causes employee grievances and hence employee dissatisfaction leads the growth of the business downwards. Lack of motivation and ineffective human resource management create unproductive workplace. In some cases, it has been noticed that the human resource department fails to implement the planning strategies which could lead employee turnove r. Hendry (2012) added in this context that the prime responsibility of the human resource department is to recruit effective people and provide training programs to them. Ineffective recruitment might lead the business to confront losses. 2.4 Conceptual Framework Figure 1: Conceptual Framework (Source: Created by Author) 3. Research Methodology 3.0 Introduction In this section of this study, the researcher discusses about the methods and techniques which would be considered in the final research. It is essential to outline all the processes before conducting the research as it helps to create the roadmap of the study. Along with that, here the researcher discusses about the constraints of the research and ethical consideration. 3.1 Research Philosophy As per the statement of Panneerselvam (2014), three research philosophies are there that are used majorly in most of researches. These include Interpretivism, Realism, and Positivism Philosophy. here, the researcher has decided to consider Positivism Philosophy as it would help to analyze the hidden facts and information. Further, it helps to avoid metaphysics so that essential and relevant information can be gathered. 3.2 Research Strategy The researcher has decided to pursue several strategies during investigating the study. In order to provide basic concept about the topic, the researcher would take help of various case studies and other researches that are done before by other researchers. Along with that, the researcher would go through interview and survey process as it helps to gather more relevant data. 3.3 Data Collection Methods According to Flick (2015), two data collection methods are there that include primary data collection process and secondary data collection process. here, the researcher would consider both the data collection methods. The secondary data collection method helps gather information from secondary sources that includes relevant websites, academic books and journals. On the other way, the primary data collection method helps to collect raw data that would help to illustrate the research outcome in more effective manner. 3.4 Data Analysis As per the statement of Mackey and Gass (2015), two essential data analysis process are there that include quantitative data analysis an qualitative data analysis. In this research, both the processes would be applied. The qualitative data analysis process helps to analyze the information which would be gathered form interview process. On the other way, the quantitative process helps to analyze the data that would be collected from survey process. 3.5 Sampling Method In this research, the researcher decide to consider the both the probability sampling method and non-probability sampling method. The probability sampling method would be applied in survey process and the non-probability sampling method would be applied in the interview process. 3.6 Sample Size It has been decided by the researcher that the interview process would be conducted with 3 managers of human resource management department of Australia. In addition, the researcher would 50 employees of the human resource development area for conducting survey. 3.7 Research Limitation The researcher would confront some constraints that would create limitation or set boundary in conducting the study. Due to the limitation of time, the researcher would able to collect limited data and information. Besides, the financial limitation would prevent the researcher to conduct the study to the larger possible extent. 3.8 Ethical Consideration During the investigation, the researcher would maintain some ethics. It has been decided by the researcher that the respondents would be encouraged rather than forced to participate in the research. Further, no verbal or physical harassment would be involved. 4. Expected Outcome Before conducting the study, the researcher has made some expectations in terms of research outcomes. The researcher expects that the result would define the that employees' effective contribution is required in business to enhance the productivity. The result would also highlight that the their performances are hampered due to the poor human resource management. The final research would help support the concept that has been gathered till now. The researcher further expects that the outcome would demonstrate how human resource effect the business both in positive and negative way. Reference List Alfes, K., Shantz, A.D., Truss, C. and Soane, E.C., 2013. The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model.The international journal of human resource management,24(2), pp.330-351. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Buller, P.F. and McEvoy, G.M., 2012. Strategy, human resource management and performance: Sharpening line of sight.Human resource management review,22(1), pp.43-56. Flick, U., 2015.Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Foster, E.C., 2014. Human resource management. InSoftware Engineering(pp. 253-269). Apress. Hendry, C., 2012.Human resource management. Routledge. Jiang, K., Lepak, D.P., Hu, J. and Baer, J.C., 2012. How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms.Academy of management Journal,55(6), pp.1264-1294. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015.Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Panneerselvam, R., 2014.Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Purce, J., 2014. The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals),67. Stahl, G.K., Bj, I. and Morris, S. eds., 2012.Handbook of research in international human resource management. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Academic freedom in Australia Essays

Academic freedom in Australia Essays Academic freedom in Australia Essay Academic freedom in Australia Essay Academic freedom in Australia: a suzerain province? On 24 September, 2013 Deakin University became one of merely four Australian universities with a dedicated policy on academic freedom. The rules and doctrine of academic freedom have been long †¦ What is it about our universities that makes etc What is the province of dissent in Australian universities? This inquiry is surprisingly hard to reply. There is rather a batch of dissent expressed in both professional and public fora, with no troubles anticipated or encountered ; at the same clip, there is rather a batch of suppression and suppression of dissent. There are a figure of ways to near the issue. One attack is to look at policies and official statements about academic freedom. Martin 2002 ; 7 The right to rational freedom and the responsibility of universities non to interfere with that right is a difficult won and long held tradition and is recognised by the most Enterprise Agreements in Australian universities consequently. Academic and rational freedom in the university scene is a negative right or autonomy to print and pass on freely. This imposes a negative responsibility on the university - that is, a responsibility non to interfere in academic freedom of address. [ 1 ] In a study of all 39 Australian universities and their endeavor understandings in 2001, Jackson found that while about half made some mention to academic freedom in their understandings, approximately one tierce contained elaborate clauses on academic freedom. At one terminal of the study, the University of Adelaide understanding contained an extended academic freedom clause, associating academic freedom to professionalism and duty, at the other Deakin University had no academic freedom clause at all, along with half the universities in the state. Jackson observes, nevertheless, that the move to integrate some look of committedness to academic freedom had begun and that by 2003 both the University of Sydney and the University of Melbourne had expansive clauses recognizing academic freedom, the latter committing to defending the academic freedom of all staff and pupils to prosecute in critical enquiry, rational discourse and public contention without fright or favour. [ 2 ] As Jackson indicates, endeavor understandings were non the lone beginning of committedness to the dogmas of academic freedom, with a figure of establishments enshrining it in codifications of behavior. In 2001, the Southern Cross UniversityCode of Conductwent every bit far as showing academic freedom as a warrant: The University shall: ( a ) Guarantee academic freedom of both enquiry and look provided such enquiry and look does non conflict applicable State or Commonwealth statute law ( such as calumny and privateness Torahs ) and provided that if differences arise, the University s difference declaration patterns are observed. [ 3 ] Since August, 2012 the Southern Cross University appears to hold resiled from such a warrant. While the university’s newCode of Conductupholds the right of its staff to take part and freely prosecute in public argument, it does so with considerable making. Such engagement must now associate directly to the academic or other specialized capable country of an employee’s country of expertness, the officer may utilize the University’s name and reference and give the rubric of his or her University assignment in order to set up his or her credentials. [ 4 ] In relation to public remark, most of the universities cited in contained clauses that sought a balance between the right to academic freedom and a duty to show that freedom within the bounds of academic expertness and without bias to the university. Griffith University’sCode of Conductprovinces: This Code does non take away from the academic freedom of staff of the University. As a staff member you are encouraged to prosecute critical and unfastened enquiry and engage in constructive unfavorable judgment on affairs of public concern within your country of expertise. [ 5 ] This is the tenor of the diction in most understandings citing academic freedom and In 2012 all but two Australian universities - the University of Notre Dame and the University of Southern Queensland - have substantial clauses of rational freedom. The jurisprudence associating to academic freedom in Australia In a landmark instance in February 2001, a University of Wollongong academic Ted Steele was summarily dismissed for talking out against ( what he claimed were ) falling criterions due to the soft marking’ he was instructed to use by university disposal. In the Steele Case’ , the University was pursued to the Federal Court for unjust dismissal by the National Tertiary Education Union ( NTEU ) . The full bench of the Federal Court ruled in Steele’s favour the undermentioned twelvemonth and the faculty member was reinstated ( before making a colony with the university ) . While the argument around academic freedom had in fact raged diversely throughout the state during the 50 old ages prior, the Steele instance became a landmark in the defense mechanism of academic freedom in Australia and, significantly, a trial for how a dismissal, perceived as an onslaught on academic freedom and free address, can backlash on a university disposal. [ 6 ] Following the Steele instance, the NTEU escalated its lobbying of the Commonwealth authorities to present legislative protection for academic freedom for Australian universities. This instance - and a figure of abuses on academic freedom Senate Standing Committee on Education, Employment and Workplace Relations ( SSCEEWR ) Inquiry into Academic Freedom in the 2nd half of 2008 In Australia, the Senate Standing Committee on Education, Employment and Workplace Relations ( SSCEEWR ) conducted an Inquiry into Academic Freedom in the 2nd half of 2008. The enquiry had been established in the deceasing yearss of the Coalition-controlled Senate in late June 2008. On 4 December the Inquiry released its study. A study of such an enquiry normally has the same rubric as the Inquiry itself. In a intimation of its findings, this study bears the rubric Allegations of academic prejudice in universities and schools’ ( SSCEEWR 2008 ) . Gelber 2008 The NTEU re-defined rational freedom to include: the rights of all staff and pupils of higher instruction establishments to take part in determination devising procedures and constructions within their establishment, including the right to show sentiments about the operations of that establishment and higher instruction policy more generally. [ 7 ] Macquarie University Jackson makes the of import point that while a codification is non contractual an statement might be made that a codification making or attesting positive rights such as academic freedom would make an estoppel †¦ . Damaging trust by an academic on the codification would do it conscienceless for the university to disregard the statements in the code. [ 8 ] This instance - inter alia - and serious lobbying by the NTEU precipitated a move by the so Labor Government to amend theHigher Education Support Act 2003in 2011.The amendments were to include expressed mention in its objects to the publicity and protection of free rational enquiry in acquisition, instruction and research and to bind support of universities to a committedness to have policy upholding free rational enquiry in relation to acquisition, instruction and research ( s.19.115 ) . The Act now requires all higher instruction suppliers to conform to the amendments ( s.19.115 of the Act ) in order to run into the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency ( TEQSA ) ’s supplier enrollment criterions for continued support. Academic freedom and Victorian universities A study of Victoria’s eight universities by the Deakin University Policy Office indicates all have in topographic point endeavor understandings incorporating commissariats for rational freedom. These commissariats are translated diversely to other policy places across the universities. All but the University of Melbourne contain their in agreement statements on academic freedom within their Media policies. The University of Melbourne addresses the issue of academic freedom within a specific policy on Academic Freedom of Expression. RMIT University, Monash University and Deakin University provide for academic freedom in both their media policies and codifications of behavior. All but the University of Melbourne contain a statement back uping academic freedom with the caution that such freedom must be exercised within an academic’s country of expertness. The universities vary in their application of limitations on other facets of communicating from within the university. The University of MelbourneAcademic Freedom of Expressionpolicy goes good beyond the commissariats of its endeavor understanding, saying obviously the express right of all bookmans at the University to seek for truth and to keep and show diverse opinions. It stresses that such look should be robust and uninhibited and recognises besides that bookmans are entitled to show their thoughts and sentiments even when making so may do offence. The University of MelbourneAcademic Freedom of Expressionpolicy does do a statement of academic duty but without prohibition. The policy stresses that scholars may keep their ain positions and talk freely on all subjects, even outside their expertness, and even placing themselves as members of the University. The policy requests merely that faculty members express themselves reasonably and in good faith and that discourse entered into should be in accord with the rules of academic and research moralss, where applicable. The policy concludes: The University recognises that these rules may change harmonizing to the context in which the discourse occurs. The University of Melbourne Collective Agreement 2010 captures rational freedom merely in its cardinal rules, but is already more expansive than any other Australian university: Intellectual freedom means the freedom of academic staff, and, to the extent consistent with their employment duties and function, professional staff, to prosecute in critical enquiry, rational discourse and public contention without fright or favor, but does non include the right to hassle, intimidate or vilify. Mentions Griffith University. Code of Conduct. hypertext transfer protocol: //policies.griffith.edu.au/pdf/Code % 20of % 20Conduct.pdf. Jackson, J.G. Express Rights to Academic Freedom in Australian Public University Employment. Southern Cross University Law Review 9 ( 2005 ) : 107-45. Martin, Brian. Dilemmas of Defending Dissent: The Dismissal of Ted Steele from the University of Wollongong. The Australian Universities Review 45, no. 2 ( 2002 ) : 7-17. National Tertiary Education Union. NTEU Submission to the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs Inquiry into Whistle-Blower Protections within the Australian Government Public Sector. Canberrra: National Tertiary Education Union. , 2008. Southern Cross University. Code of Conduct. hypertext transfer protocol: //policies.scu.edu.au/view.current.php? id=00030 # maj13. 1

Monday, November 25, 2019

Mr.. Jan Caesar Essays

Mr.. Jan Caesar Essays Mr.. Jan Caesar Essay Mr.. Jan Caesar Essay To our supportive adviser Mr Jan Caesar A. Lambadi for his supports and knowledge. To our beloved dean Ms. Maria Christina Floors-Belles, for untiring support and extending her understanding and knowledge. Above all to our Almighty Father for providing us everything, to him we give back all the glory and praises. The accomplishment of this research work would not be attend without the generosity and support of other people who would always stand and look through behind us. We would like to extend our deepest thanks and gratitude to our parents who poured on us their support in many aspects. To our adviser Mr Jan Caesar A. Lambadi, for his untiring efforts in imparting and sharing hid knowledge of the subject matter in such way that we would easily grasp details and technical information porting us to make this research a successful one. To our instructors and to our Dean Ms. Maria Christina Floors-Belles, for encouraging and guiding us from the start of this study. To our friends and classmates who served as spices of our lives, inspire us despite of the difficulties and alternations, which somehow make us weak. And above all to our Almighty God, who bestowed us knowledge and wisdom, which we necessarily need to continue striving for the best. Institution and universities desire to have an easy way in processing the payroll system of the employee. Therefore, the researcher aims to study the Employee Payroll System of San Francisco Municipality, Surging Del Norte. We come up with a proposal that help to enhance the manual process of the present system to automate its process and operation. The organization of the study consist two parts. First part covers the result of the system analysis and design made by the researchers that is subdivided into four chapters and the second part is the program documentation. Chapter 1 discusses the overview of the present system study. It begins with an introduction, organization of the study, review of related literature, statement of the problem, statement of purpose and objectives, significance of the study, scope and limitation, research methodology, schematic diagram, and Giant chart. Chapter 2 deals on the present system that consists of the introduction , organizational chart, the documents and its usage, context diagram, processing of transaction, data flow diagram of present and proposed system, and its analysis and interpretation.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

International Relations for Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping Essay

International Relations for Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping - Essay Example Actually, Mao Zedong through his Communist Party of China collaborated even with the capitalist states like the United States of America, Japan and many European countries. Mao Zedong had a great quest for dominance over the perceived neighbors and trade partners like Russia and Germany. As demonstrated by Wang (27), this made him appear resistant to the external forces advising him how to manage the government to find a throughway towards better economic development. In fact, Mao Zedong did ignore otherwise good advice from Stalin who wanted China to become a fully communist state. Mao also appeared to cheer over the death of Stalin hoping that he would become the next powerful leader to control the allied group. This however did not materialize when Khrushchev ascended to power to continue the initial state of power held by Stalin. Mao’s continued opposition against the ideologies of his fellow leaders in the Communist world including Khrushchev soured to the extent of causing withdrawal of China dismissal from the Communist Movement. Mao continually resisted moves and policies adopted by Khrushchev towards defending their members. One such op position occurred when Khrushchev backed down to Cuban missile milieu. Deng appears as one of the Chinese leaders who took the revolution vehicle to the right direction. After the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, and his rise to power, Deng repaired their tutored relationship with the international community by denouncing communism and adopting socialism form of rule. Deng went ahead to reconcile with Soviet Union and all countries that surrounded China having he pains of the peasant citizens at hand (Deng 23). In fact, Deng is one lead who contributed to the economic classification of countries as first class, second and third. In the classification, Deng admitted that Soviet Union and United States were in the first class. Deng also

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Tips for Effective Oral Presentations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tips for Effective Oral Presentations - Essay Example In this easy, some tips on how to make an effective presentation are discussed. The issue of stage fright, which is a major hindrance to making an effective oral presentation and how to manage it, is also discussed. At the end of this discussion, there should be clarity on how one can make an effective oral presentation. Keywords: Oral Presentation, Effective, Stage Fright Introduction When making an oral presentation, it is very important for one to be able to present thoughts and ideas effectively. Oral presentations are usually very popular in job interviews, and especially when one starts working (Gupta, 2008). So everyone is encouraged to practice oral presentation even before friends and family so as to perfect the skill before the very important time. Ones ability in this area can either make or break his or her career. This is because a person can be very hard working in the job he or she is doing, but if he or she does not have good skills in oral presentation, his or her gr owth will not be seen (Aquino, 2008). There are people who have a certain potential for communication, but this does not mean that they are good at oral presentation. The techniques involved would be very beneficial to such people, to sharpen up their skills more. Effective oral presentation skills make a person more popular among colleagues, for example, a manager who has good skills in oral presentation is likely to be popular among his juniors (Gupta, 2008). What is Oral Presentation? Most of the time, people tend to confuse oral communication with oral presentation, but the two are totally different. According to Gupta, â€Å"oral communication is an interactive process of sharing information† (2008, p. 91) with people. Oral presentation on the other hand refers to a proper way of transmitting messages to an audience. It is important to note that effective oral presentations are important for the growth of a company or organization one is working for, especially when the partners or donors of the funds are present. Characteristics of an Effective Oral Presentation Purposeful: When being composed, an oral presentation should be directed to a definite purpose and one that is clear, because it is aimed at conveying a message to the audience (Rizvi, 2005). Interactive: Any oral presentation should involve the speaker, as well as the audience (Rizvi, 2005). Formal: This is what differentiates oral presentation from other forms of presentations. As said earlier, it is usually emphasized during job interviews. Thus, it is usually used in formal situations. Audience Oriented: This means that the topic has to be dealt with from the perspective of the audience (Rizvi, 2005). Importance of an Effective Oral Presentation Employers usually put great emphasis on oral presentation skills, than in any other form of communication skills. Gupta asserts that an oral presentation has the potential to educate, inspire and persuade more effectively than any other individ ual mode of communication (2008). At some point in ones career, he or she may be asked to make a presentation, and this is the reason why most of the business people rank oral presentation skills as among the most important factors responsible for their success. A good oral presentation can work wonders for any person who is looking for lucrative job offer from a company he or she has dreamt of working with

Monday, November 18, 2019

Leininger's Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leininger's Model - Essay Example The author asserts that if one realizes the meaning of care and its processes, one is in a position to explain and predict well being or health. Transcultural nursing or the culture care mainly deals with the way of life or nursing of clients. Moreover we are nurses and we do work in different locations and nursing fields, our group figured out how culture care can be adapted into our career. In search of more knowledge on it and the way it applies to our occupation, will develop and build each person more as efficient nurses (Sitzman, &   Eichelberger, 2011). According to leininger the cultural care theory intends to give a culturally harmonious nursing care through cognitively based supportive, enabling, assistive, or facilitative decisions or acts that are mainly customized to fit with groups, institutions or individual’s life ways, cultural beliefs or values. The major purpose for this type of care is that it is aimed at providing advantageous health outcomes and meanings for the people of the same or different cultural differences (Leininger, &  McFarland, 2006).   The society is too diverse in terms of norms, value beliefs and behaviors and due to constant environmental and internal stimuli which builds a mark in the mind of each person or character and well seen through religious structures, artistic expression and social practices. The end outcome of such transformation is what the society recognizes as a culture. Culture directs peoples doing, being and thinking. In the perspective of nursing practice, different cultural backgrounds can greatly affect the views on well being, illness and health, which on the other hand will have an influence on people’s mentality about healthcare and its outcomes. There are so many challenges which keep reoccurring in the health sector due to its diverse culture thus transcultural care has been of great help in developing health care services (Sitzman, &

Saturday, November 16, 2019

The Personality Traits In Ethical Leadership Management Essay

The Personality Traits In Ethical Leadership Management Essay Ethical leadership is mostly about leadership integrity. This statement has triggered much controversy and is widely discussed. According to Ciulla (2004), Philosophers views ethical leadership, as how the ethical leaders should behave like. Leadership integrity of a leader is shown through the consistency of values, aims and behavior (Bloskie 1995). Leadership is defined by (Wiess 2003) as a shared process, although the values and behaviors of company founders and CEOs often frame and set the cultural tone for organization. One way to recognize a leaders value is through the vision and mission statement of a company. The personality traits in ethical leadership include integrity, trustworthiness, honesty and forthrightness or candor (Trevino et al. 2000). (Trevino Brown 2004) argues that statement as a myth and argued that the coverage of ethical leadership was too vague as it only concentrated solely on individuals character and qualities such as integrity, honesty and fairness. Recent research shows the qualities of a person contributes to the establishment of ethical leadership but it is not substantial to establish an effective ethical leadership (Trevino Brown 2004). Therefore, in this essay I will touch on the ethical concepts and theories, and the occurrence of leadership and the dimensions that is related to ethical leadership and it will thus bring about a better understanding of whether is ethical leadership is mostly about leadership integrity. With much ethical scandals evidently existing in most organization, it is comes to show that ethical dimensions is crucial to explain what is ethical leadership. What is Ethical leadership? Studies were conducted by Brown, Trevino Harrison to understand the qualities that is linked to ethical leadership. Base on the interview that they held during 2002, they defined ethical leadership as a display of normatively appropriate conduct through individual activity and interpersonal relationships, and the promotion of such conduct to followers through two way interaction, reinforcement and decision-making ( Brown et al., 2005). Figure 1: The matrix of moral person and moral manager dimension (Trevino, Hartman Brown 200) Unethical leadership style Hypocritical leadership Leaders who passes down influential ethical messages across to the followers(who are ethical manager) but who is recognized to be ethical themselves (they are not ethical persons) are referred to as hypocritical leaders as shown in figure 1. Hypocritical management are about ethical pretense. The problem is that by giving much emphasiz to reliability only heighten objectives of ethical problem. If a leader talks about integrity and ethical values all time but doesnt adhere by it, followers cant place trust in the leader because he fail to do what do say. Ethically silent leadership The last combination is call the legally quiet authority. It relates to leader does not belong to either strong ethical nor strong ethical zone. They may be ethical person but their stand is not clear. They dont provide obvious leadership in terms of ethics. It may be due to the leader has no awareness on how important is ethical leadership relates to organization ethical culture, or they simply just do not care about ethical issues. Ethical leadership style To establish a reputable ethical leadership successfully, it requires the executive to display the qualities of a moral person as well as a moral manager. It is essential for a leader to possess characteristics of integrity and also to be able to inculcate this quality into others in the organization. As a leader, they portray images of a role model to others in the organization, so if they set guidelines for employee to adhere by but leaders themselves dont adhere to it; employees develop negative feelings and feel the reluctance to adhere to the guideline. (Trevino et al. 2000) states that an executive must first be a moral or ethical person or else their followers will come to regard them as hypocrites when their true nature shows. This traits, behavior and decision making characteristics should be transparently evident, or else they may be misinterpreted, and the executive may not be viewed as a moral or ethical person. A leader who is neither a moral person nor a moral manager is an unethical leader. Even if you are a moral person, but it does not make you a moral manager, to be able to able strike a balance between both moral person and manager, you will need show your followers how well you support and promote companys ethics and values to your followers. This shows that in order to develop ethical leadership, the executive need to be both a moral person and manager, it works two way (Brooks Dunn 2009). (Trevino et al. 2000) discovered out that these can be achieved by having transparency in the system, role model qualities must be portrayed openly, there should be interaction on a daily basis and persuasively about ethical requirements, principals and value, using the compensation system to keep all workers responsible to ethical standard. Lets relate this to real life scenario, take for example, civil servants who is working for the government should uphold integrity in them, Public has the perceived image that all civil servants are role models to look up so if they were commit crimes that is against integrity, public will naturally see them as hypocrites and will lose faith in them as a role model. (Bandura 1986) states that if leaders do not adhere by what they stated in the guidelines, there is no reason why the followers should adhere to it. It is the virtue of a leader will religiously stick to their principles, keeps promises, admits their mistakes and adhere to through on their commitments (Bass Bass sounds 2008). Ethical leadership and ethical culture Leaders can affect cultures in many ways. They can change culture by sending down new values to the followers. What leaders do, say or any actions affects how followers think of the leaders. Clearly, employees are very responsive towards messages send in by leaders. But they personally do not know who the senior management of the organisation is; they can only make sense of it from what they hear. Therefore, leaders has to build a reputation for ethical leadership through transparency on the ethical issue and thus communicating a strong ethic message Outcomes of ethical relationship Ethical relationships is believed to be important because of the results it is believed to impact. Constant with a social learning theory, followers replicate ethical leaders behavior because such management are eye-catching and reliable models who model normatively appropriate behavior. In addition, ethical management conveys the value of ethical requirements and use performance management systems to hold workers responsible for their performance. Employees dont have to know about the benefits and punitive measures straight but according to public social learning concept, they can learn about them by monitoring others result. Social learning theory and ethical leadership Following Brown et al. (2005), we rely on social learning theory ( Bandura, 1997, 1986) to explain outcomes of ethical leadership. Social learning theory serves as a guidance to understand why individual characteristics of ethical leadership and how external cultural factors influences followers perceived image of leader as ethical leader. According to social learning theory, for leaders to be seen as ethical leaders by their followers, they first lead an example that proves that they are dependable and trustworthy leaders to their followers. According to (Bandura, 1977,1986) social learning theory describes that based on the way individual learn by looking out for and attempting to work towards the same attitudes, values and behavior of the dependable leader. This is supported by (Kohlberg, 1969; Trevino, 1986) that most individual look up to others for ethical advice or assistance. If you are the CEO, the perceived image as seen by the followers is seen as someone who has what it on the surface you will be seen as a person who has qualities and credibility basically what it takes to be in that position, therefore the it is the status and power of a person will boost the attractiveness thus resulting in followers interest to look out for ethical leaders behavior (Bandura, 1986). Leaders have the power and authority because their position held is of a higher post as compared to the followers. Not only the status draws attention to the followers, leaders who displays acts of care and concern and giving fair treatments plays a part in the attention for followers and gives positive motivations. Studies have shown that encouragement plays an essential part in modelling effectiveness because followers focus on those who controls essential resources and to rewards and punishments. Employees can learn about what is acceptable or undesirable by focusing on how other business members are honoured or disciplined and control their own answer as a result Critical view on ethical leadership styles There are three leadership theories that overlap the ethical leadership domain, Transformational, spiritual and authentic theories of leadership all address the moral potential of leadership in some way. Transformational leadership Burns (1978) recommended that transformational leadership as moral leadership because the leaders inspire their followers to look beyond self-interest and perform and work towards goals together. Kaungo Mendonca (1996) recommended that transformational authority engaged ethical influence process, while transactional leadership did not. But bass(1985) recommended that transformational control could be ethical or unethical based on their inspiration. Authetic leadership Authetic leadership are leaders who are deeply aware of how they think and behave and are perceived by others a being aware of their own and others value/moral perspective, knowledge, and strengths; aware of the context in which they operate; and are confident, hopeful, optimistic, resilient, and high on moral character (Avolio, luthans walumbwa 2004). Self-awareness, openness transparency and consistency made up of authentic leadership. And also being motivated by good end concepts and issues for others is essential to authentic authority. Authetic leadership are capable of evaluating uncertain ethical issues, watching them from several viewpoints, and aiming choices with their own ethical concepts. Like transformational leadership, authentic leadership seems to overlap with ethical leadership in terms of personal features. Spiritual leadership Spiritual leadership comprised of the concepts, behaviours and habits that are necessary to motivate ones self and others so that they have a sense of spiritual survival l through contacting and membership: (Fry, 2003, p.711) Spiritual leadership has also been described as occurring when a person in a authority place symbolizes spiritual concepts such as reliabililty, loyalty, and humblness, developing the self as an example of someone who can be reliable, depended upon and admire. Spiritual leadership is also confirmed through actions, whether in personal indicative exercise or in ethical, sympathetic, and well-mannered treatment of others, (reave 2005) Thus, ethical leadership is clearly related to, but unique from these leadership concepts. I have described ethical leadership and articulated how it overlaps with, yet is unique from other related theories of authority. Conclusion: In conclusion, I disagree with the statement that ethical leadership is mainly about leadership integrity. Integrity only plays a part in establishment of a reputation leadership it is not sufficient enough as it requires more than just strong personal qualities or virtue. Not only should you have leadership integrity, followers must be led from the leaders on how to be ethical, it is not just enough to be a ethical person who makes good choices, a reputation for ethical leadership requires leaders to continually communicate ethical values to the followers and make sure they abide by it. Failure to develop a reputation for leadership, it will mostly likely end up as ethically neutral. Therefore, we can say that communication from the leaders is very crucial, they need to be aware of their actions, what they say, and what they do is constantly viewed from their followers. As mentioned in the social learning theory, in nature followers look up to leaders because they have status and po wer, if a leader do not abide by the guidelines they set the trust from the followers will be gone which thus result in followers losing trust and faith in their leaders. You need to be both a moral manager and a moral person in order to achieve a reputable ethical leadership

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

The Cold War 1980’s-1990’s Essay -- World History

Upon hearing the mention of â€Å"The Cold War† most people begin to imagine and think of a time focused on political and military tensions between two main powers, the United States of the Western world and The Soviet Union of the Communist world. The context of the Cold War has traditionally been seen this way, as a nontraditional war without any engagement of battle, as a nuclear arms race between to profoundly different political and economic ideologies. Though being accurate this view of the Cold War is not complete. The Cold War was not just a nonviolent war between the United States and the Soviet Union but one affecting the entire planet in different fashions and on multiple plains. It is for these reasons that while events during the 1980’s-1990’s seemingly led to the conventional end of conflict, they ironically only facilitated the existence and continuance of the Cold War even until today. Probably one of the most recognized events of the 1980’s is the collapse of communism but first it is important to look at events that leading up to this collapse to provide a better context of events post collapse. One very significant period of time was the mid 1980’s when it seemed all eyes were on Africa in its entirety. The release of the song â€Å"We are the World† in 1985, the â€Å"Break the Chains† campaign of 1987, and the focus on the influential figure, Desmond Tutu, during 1986 are all examples of how the United States and other countries were focused on providing aid to africa. In her book, Enlightened Aid: U.S. Development as Foreign Policy in Ethiopia, Amanda McVety explains this aid and how United Sates foreign aid was a cold war project, â€Å"It offered a Cold War weapon that was not a weapon and promised peace through peaceful me... ... 8.4 (2006): 29-56. Print. McVety, Amanda Kay. Enlightened Aid: U.S. Development as Foreign Aid Policy in Ethiopia. New York: Oxford UP, 2012. Print. "Suppression of Communism Act, No. 44 of 1950 Approved in Parliament | South African History Online." South African History Online. Web. 03 May 2012. no-44-1950-approved-parliament>. Totten, Samuel, and Rifiki Ubaldo. We Cannot Forget. ; Interviews with Survivors of the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda. Rutgers UP, 2011. Print. "TED KENNEDY’S AFRICAN LEGACY." Africa Is a Country. Web. 03 May 2012. . Ye, Weili, and Xiaodong Ma. Growing up in the People's Republic: Conversations between Two Daughters of China's Revolution. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Print.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Effects Of Women Incarceration On Young Children Essay

Women incarceration has been on increase since the nineteenth century. This has had various effects on children of these imprisoned mothers. When a woman is incarcerated, whatever happens to their children is a matter of great concern. This paper aims at showing the impacts of women incarceration on children. This is in relation to their development and well being. (Beckerman, 1994) It is good to consider the family networks when looking at the impact of women incarceration on young children. A child’s development level has to be considered too when looking at the effects of women imprisonment. Parental incarceration has been increasing at an alarming rate since the year 1991. In the year 1991 there were approximately 450,000 parents imprisoned and by the year 2000 this number had increased to 437,400. The number of children that were affected also rose from 930,000 to 1,530, 500 during the same period. The number of women prisoners has continued to increase at a very fast rate as compared to men. From the year 1991 to the year 2000 there has been an 87 percent increase in the number incarcerated women as compared to 61 percent increase in number of incarcerated men. Research shows that fifty eight percent of the children that have incarcerated parents fall below the age of ten years. The mean age is eight years. Research indicates that forty eight percent of the women in prisons have never been married. This means that they are single parents. Twenty five percent of incarcerated women were separated or divorced. Approximately twenty three to thirty six percent of the women were married. Research shows that women incarceration can have different impacts on young children whether they were residing with the children or not when they got imprisoned. It is very obvious that in case the women were not staying with their children, then there are great chances that there was no meaningful social relationship between the two parties (children and mothers). Research shows that women incarceration has multiple effects on young children because when men are imprisoned, it is the women who take care of the children. When this happens mothers use ninety percent of their time in care giving. Now the case is the other way round, that is, when women are imprisoned. (Pollock, 2002) Research indicates that in the case of women incarceration the men only use twenty three to thirty one percent of their time to take care of young children. Friends can use approximately ten to twelve percent of their time to help while relatives assume the parenting role in approximately twenty six to thirty four percent of the cases only. These disparities in parenting responsibilities show the exact picture in the society that mothers play big roles in parenting especially in intact families. (Boudin, 1998) Women in most cases are more likely to be imprisoned because of fraud and drug offences. The type of offence always determines the period that they stay in prison. Women incarceration has got greater impacts on young children than men incarceration. According to various scholars, incarceration is not just a discrete or single event but it is actually a dynamic process that normally unfolds with time. (Chesney, 1983) Arrest phase The whole impact of women incarceration on children during this phase is indicated in an incomplete picture. Research shows that one out of five children is normally present at the time of arrest. The child normally witnesses the mother being taken to prison by policemen or the relevant authorities. Statistics show that in most cases, the other children are out playing or in school or doing other leisure activities. Research carried out in the year 2005 in United States shows that more than half of the children who witness this scenario are adversely affected. (Boudin, 1998) In most cases these children are normally below seven years and are care of their mother only as per that time. Surveys carried out in nine states in United States, that is, Chicago, Mississippi, Oregon, New Mexico, Texas, New Jersey, Boston, Florida and Washington D. C reveal this. Forty percent of the children who had ever witnessed their mothers being arrested were interviewed. Thirty eight percent of the children respondents admitted that they constantly suffered flashbacks and nightmares in relation to the incident. The occurrence was more prevalent during the first month that their mothers were arrested. Overall management of explanation There are so many controversies that enfold the issue of providing young children with the information concerning their mothers undergoing incarceration. There are those who argue that children should not know that their mother has undergone such a bad thing. This according to the assertions helps in minimizing the trauma that goes hand in hand with this separation. (Covington, 1997) On the other hand, other scholars argue that failure to disclose this important information can increase the emotional distress of the child. This is termed as conspiracy of silence. Regardless of whether women are the ones incarcerated or not, they are charged with the responsibility of explaining the whole situation to the children. Research carried out in the year 1997 indicates that out of thirty five cases only eight of these cases did the fathers offer their children an explanation concerning their mother being incarcerated. (Chesney, 1983) In most of the cases the explanation provided is quite general and vague. Many relatives and fathers lie to their children concerning the departure of their mother. There are variations such that some families use total deception while others use partial deception when explaining why the mother is missing. This conspiracy of deception has got various impacts on the children’s ability to cope with the whole issue. Children who are not well informed about their mother’s absence are very fearful and anxious. Inmost cases women incarcerations occur when the attachment of the children to their mothers has already developed. This can lead to adverse effects on the child because he or she could have spent the first nine to twelve months with the mother. (Covington, 1997) This normally results in insecure attachments. This is just but a consequence of the adverse shifts in life circumstances. This in most cases makes the child to have very poor relationships during his or her adolescent years. Another adverse effect of the child’s mother undergoing incarceration is that it makes the child to develop diminished cognitive abilities. This is very common to young children between two to six years of age. (Enos, 1998) The effects of women incarceration on young children are quite diverse. Young children with incarcerated mothers also tend to suffer from psychological or emotional problems. This is exhibited through withdrawal. In this case the children never want to associate with others and prefer being on their own even during play time. Psychological problems are also exhibited through depression, hyper vigilance and anxiety. In the case of hyper vigilance, the children are just too cautious or alert. The children whose mother has been incarcerated can also exhibit externalizing behaviors. They include great hostility towards siblings and caregivers, aggression and anger. Research in United States prisons shows that very few prisons permit women prisoners to keep their infants. In most of the cases the mothers are just permitted few days of contact with their babies. (Henriquez, 1996) This makes it very hard for the mother and baby to bond. This does not give the baby the opportunity to be familiar with the mother. When the mother is finally released from prison, she comes back home when the child has already developed and is not emotionally attached to her. This just results in children having behavioral and emotional problems later in life. (Pollock, 2002) In case the mother’s incarceration occurs when the children are in the school going age, they automatically get affected in their academics. These children also have problems with their peer relationships. Research shows that more than forty five percent of children with incarcerated mothers have school problems. This can result the children performing poorly at school. For young children between the ages of six to eight years old whose mothers were incarcerated, there was much unwillingness to go to school. This can be termed in other words as school phobias. This was in most cases for the up to six weeks after the mother being imprisoned. Other reports show that seventy one percent of 170 children of incarcerated mothers had very poor performance in their academics. They also had behavioral problems while in school. When other students know of the issue concerning the incarceration of the child, they tend to tease the child and he or she may become ostracized by peers. This can even lead to drop out from school if not suspension because of behavioral problems. (Enos, 1998) Boys and girls While the effects of women incarceration are expected to adversely affect girls more than boys, there is no adequate evidence to back up these allegations. Both boys and girls are normally adversely affected by the incarceration of their mothers. The only difference is that they generally express their reactions quite differently. Girls in most instances exhibit internalizing problems while boys exhibit externalizing behavior problems due to incarceration of their mother. (Owen, 1995) As illustrated earlier on, some of the women that are incarcerated are single parents. They may never have gotten married or they could have gone through a divorce. When arrests are made either to a man or a woman, there is normally no prior information that this act will be carried out. Therefore in most cases the woman is found off guard when she is not prepared to leave her family. This is in relation to who will fend or take care of the children. Children may have gone to school only to come back to an empty house without a mother. This can really cause distress to children when it is a single parent family as they have to fend for themselves. The impact is what we currently see on the streets-street children who were left behind by incarcerated mothers. This causes a lot of destabilization to young children because they are not old enough to work. They cannot afford to pay rent and therefore they just have to beg on the streets. Other children become house helps so that they can cater for their basis needs. They even carry work as baby sitters. Children whose mothers have been imprisoned can have eating problems. This is a result of the stress or depression of not having their mother around especially during meal times. Other children whose mothers have been incarcerated normally have clinging behavior. They also exhibit truancy in church attendance. When mothers are imprisoned the health of the children is known to automatically deteriorate. This is according to the recent studies carried out in Florida, Boston, Mississippi and New Jersey. Women are normally concerned with the health of the children a great deal more than men. There are instances when children have health problems and women because of their concern, take care of them. (Sobel, 1982) Most men come back late from work and leave early and therefore may not know so much in relation to the health of the children. Little things like allergies to foods are better known to the mother. When there is incarceration of the women the health of children declines because men or fathers care less. They may leave the duties to house helps who may not give maximum attention to the child as required. This results in health deterioration of children. Conclusion Incarceration of women has been on increase and this has got various effects on young children. Children who witness their mother being arrested have nightmares and flashbacks of the whole scenario. Fathers and relatives normally withhold information concerning the incarceration of the mother. This is conspiracy of silence and it increases fear and anxiety in children. A mother’s incarceration makes a child to have emotional or psychological problems which are exhibited through depression, hyper vigilance and anxiety. In case the child is of school going age it results in poor performance in his or her academics.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Free Essays on Troy

The book the Iliad an epic by Homer which was later followed by the book the Odyssey is one of the most known stories in history. The myth was so historicized some historians believe that the events really did take place. The book the Iliad was recently made into a motion picture which made lots of money. While some critics say the movie was completely off from the book, but I say from whose perspective, a journalist or me a college student looking to see a cool movie with a girl on Friday night. The book the Iliad was an interesting book to read for the fact that it listed as many character as they could and unless you’re an intellectual person people don’t want all those details that teachers will only in the future use on exams and make it twice as confusing. For one the book named too many non important people and it made it three times as harder to remember the important people, unlike the movie which named the major characters like Hector and Achilles. But then another question rises in my head is to say that a man of lesser achievements in the movie wasn’t the main characters? To answer that one must first look at that person’s role and what was his purpose. I’ll start with Achilles, in the book he is rarely talked about only when major fighting happens and he is begged to help morale the men back to battle. In the book Agamemnon gives a speech to help boast the men courage and morale by saying â€Å"Has shackled me in chains of blindness, hard god! Once he promised me that I would sack the fence.† (Homer/Iliad p102) in the movie the morale was gained by Achilles himself and coming back into the war. Now Achilles in my opinion is the main character because I saw the movie before I read the book so in my mind the movie is the real version for me. Achilles has to be the main the character in that of a hero also because who wants hero to be someone that isn’t as strong or skilled as Achilles who for that ... Free Essays on Troy Free Essays on Troy The book the Iliad an epic by Homer which was later followed by the book the Odyssey is one of the most known stories in history. The myth was so historicized some historians believe that the events really did take place. The book the Iliad was recently made into a motion picture which made lots of money. While some critics say the movie was completely off from the book, but I say from whose perspective, a journalist or me a college student looking to see a cool movie with a girl on Friday night. The book the Iliad was an interesting book to read for the fact that it listed as many character as they could and unless you’re an intellectual person people don’t want all those details that teachers will only in the future use on exams and make it twice as confusing. For one the book named too many non important people and it made it three times as harder to remember the important people, unlike the movie which named the major characters like Hector and Achilles. But then another question rises in my head is to say that a man of lesser achievements in the movie wasn’t the main characters? To answer that one must first look at that person’s role and what was his purpose. I’ll start with Achilles, in the book he is rarely talked about only when major fighting happens and he is begged to help morale the men back to battle. In the book Agamemnon gives a speech to help boast the men courage and morale by saying â€Å"Has shackled me in chains of blindness, hard god! Once he promised me that I would sack the fence.† (Homer/Iliad p102) in the movie the morale was gained by Achilles himself and coming back into the war. Now Achilles in my opinion is the main character because I saw the movie before I read the book so in my mind the movie is the real version for me. Achilles has to be the main the character in that of a hero also because who wants hero to be someone that isn’t as strong or skilled as Achilles who for that ...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

To Website or Not to Website

To Website or Not to Website Received a very sweet email this week from an author who begged to know if an author really needed a website. Short and sweet, the answer is YES. These days, when someone hears your name, and might be interested in whatever it is you offer, they Google you. Yes, Google has become a verb as well as a noun, and its because weve become so accustomed to grabbing a keyboard on some device and learning more. Instant intelligence, I call it. If the public cannot find you, they instantly wonder if you are worth their time. Sounds harsh, I know, but it is the truth. The only thing that can overcome that mentality is a strong word of mouth campaign, and we all know how hard that is to create. So how do you establish a website when you dont understand squat about it? 1) Hire a webmaster. You may pay several hundred to a couple thousand, but webmasters deserve to be paid for all that knowledge. They grab the domain name for you, set you up with a site to include hosting, and update it for you on command. Or have them create it and leave it up to you to update and omit the monthly updating charge. Some webmasters specify websites for authors. Take a look at these babies. They have some gorgeous sites: http://author https://xuni.com/website-design.php http://smartauthorsites.com/author-websites/ authorsontheweb.com/ http://smartauthorsites.com/ dreamcodesign.com/ clockpunkstudios.com/ webdesignrelief.com fausga.com/ myhouseofdesign.com 2) Teach yourself how to do WordPress.org and get a domain name like www.chopeclark.com instead of www.chopeclark.wordpress.com. Set up your own hosting on Hostgator.com or GoDaddy.com. 3) Go to Blogger.com or WordPress.com and teach yourself how to do a basic blog/website. You may have Blogspot or WordPress in the domain name, but when youre starting out, thats not a detriment. People are becoming accustomed to seeing such URLs. No domain name, no hosting, no monthly or annual fee. You just have a learning curve. 4) Compromise and get someone to design item 3) above so the set up charge is much less. 5) Commit to a great Facebook fan page and make sure the graphics are superb, the updates regular. Cost = nothing. 6) Commit to a great Tumblr page. Cost = nothing. 7) Commit to a great Author Central page on Amazon. Cost = nothing.   Ive fallen into the habit of hearing a name of an author, or receiving a pitch from a writer, and instantly flipping into their website to decide whether Im interested. Its like a quick phone interview, or an instant resume. To have no online presence tells a reader several things whether you intend to or not: 1) Youre testing the waters with this writer business. 2) You dont want to invest THAT much time into your presentation. 3) You dont want to connect to readers. 4) Youre new to either the computer or writing. 5) You are older.Face it . . . younger people want that online presence. The answer is yes you need an online presence. The question is just what kind?

Monday, November 4, 2019

Demonstrating general management and presentation skills in the Case Study - 1

Demonstrating general management and presentation skills in the context of employee management and the regulation of employees - Case Study Example Such ways of management only create unmotivated and antagonized staff who then become unproductive. Intelligent communication is very important when giving directives to the employees. When emphasis is required, firm but respectful directives can be given in a good manner. In a case where a manager has committed a mistake, it is only honorable that they own up to it. This instill a sense of responsibility in their management skill and they may gain credibility and trust by their staff. It is not appropriate that they try to pass the blame to other people. A manager who accepts responsibility is more likely gain support and respect from its staff than one who runs away from them. Such managers then find it easy to proactively correct their mistakes and make them never to happen again. In a case where, in an organization, the sales of a particular month have risen, praising and rewarding the staff is a very noble practice for managers to do. Most managers like taking credit and basking alone in glory as if it was their own efforts that made the sales to rise. There are many cheap ways of rewarding the staff that make them motivating and not necessarily interfering with the organization’s budget. The manager will then build a good rapport with the staff that will help the organization realize even bigger goals. John is a manager at Times Investments. Recently, when he found out that one of his staff had misbehaved in the office during his absence, it was very amazing how he handled the situation. Everyone expected that Charles, the junior staff who had misbehaved, would be punished or even be sacked. However, John summoned Charles to his office and pardoned him for the mistakes he committed and only urged him to prove to John, by working hard, that he is really apologetic. John said to him, â€Å"I know that everyone makes

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Discussion Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Discussion Board - Essay Example Conversely, "passive" ITS probe vehicles are vehicles that are already in the traffic stream for purposes other than data collection. passenger in the test vehicle; Historically, the manual method has been the most commonly used travel time data collection technique. This method requires a driver and a passenger to be in the test vehicle. The driver operates the test vehicle while the passenger records time information at predefined checkpoints to the transmission of the test vehicle; Technology has automated the manual method with the use of an electronic DMI. The DMI is connected to a portable computer in the test vehicle and receives pulses at given intervals from the transmission of the vehicle. Distance and speed information are then determined from these pulses satellites. GPS has become the most recent technology to be used for travel time data collection. A GPS receiver is connected to a portable computer and collects the latitude and longitude information that enables tracking of the test vehicle. Each of these test vehicle techniques is described in detail in the following sections of this chapter. The following elements are included for each technique: overview, advantages and disadvantages, cost and equipment requirements, data collection instructions, data reduction and quality control, and previous experiences. Since the driver of the test vehicle is a member of the data collection team, driving styles and behavior can be controlled to match desired driving behavior. The following are three common test vehicle driving styles (1): - Average car - test vehicle travels according to the driver's judgement of the average speed of the traffic stream; - Floating car - driver "floats" with the traffic by attempting to safely pass as many vehicles as pass the test vehicle; and - Maximum car - test vehicle is driven at the posted speed limit unless impeded by actual traffic conditions or safety considerations. The floating car driving style is the most commonly referenced. In practice, however, drivers will likely adopt a hybrid of the floating car and average car because of the inherent difficulties of keeping track of passed and passing vehicles in high traffic volume conditions Advantages and Disadvantages The manual method (pen and paper) has the following advantages: - No special equipment needs; - Low skill level (no special hardware training); and - Minimal equipment costs. The manual method (pen and paper) has the following disadvantages: - High labor requirements (driver and observer); - Low level of detail (average speeds for 0.4 to 0.8 km, or 0.25 to 0.5 mi). Average speed and delay are reasonable while queue length and speed profiles are difficult; - Greater potential for human error (potential for marking wrong checkpoints or inaccurate times); - Potential data entry errors (e.g.,